KSC-127型射流式冲击器应用于大陆科学深钻的试验研究   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  

朴成哲  殷琨  蒋荣庆  王茂森 《世界地质》2000,19(3):295-298

根据现场试验,评价了ＫＳＣ－１２７冲击器的性能,分析了其对大陆科学深钻的适应性,且对大直径全面破碎冲击回转钻进工艺进行了讨论。  相似文献   

广东沿海陆地地质环境质量定量评价研究   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

闫洪存  李华梅等 《工程地质学报》2000,8(4):416-425

广东沿海陆地不仅是我国经济较为发达的地区 ,而且也是地震、水土流失、崩塌、滑坡、地裂缝、地面沉降、岩溶塌陷、软土地基形变等地质灾害较为频发的地区。基于对广东沿海陆地主要物理地质灾害形成条件与影响因素调查、统计与分析 ,将广东沿海陆地地质环境质量划分 :构造稳定性、斜坡稳定性和地基稳定性三个质量层面 ,进而构造了隶属三个层面的指标体系 ,该指标体系包括活动断裂、地震活动、地形起伏度、斜坡坡地、冲沟切割密度、水土流失程度、崩滑面密度、土体承载力和地裂缝面密度 9个指标。基于地质环境质量五值逻辑等级取值 :优等、良好、中等、较差和差等 ,对评价指标进行了相应地量化分级取值和标准化处理 ,在建立指标专家权重体系和线性隶属函数的基础上 ,构造了模糊数学综合评价模型。基于 Fortran程序对 190个剖分单元指标数据进行了模型运算 ,将广东沿海陆地地质环境划分为五个质量级共 17个地质环境质量单元。  相似文献   

Aquatic Ecological and Human Health Risk Assessment of Chemicals in Wet Weather Discharges in the Sydney Region, New South Wales, Australia     

Gary Bickford  John Toll  Judi Hansen  Elaine Baker  Robert Keessen 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,39(1-12):335-345

Sydney Water has completed a risk assessment to assess the risks to human health and aquatic organisms in creeks, rivers, estuaries and ocean waters affected by wet weather sewage overflows, stormwater and sewage treatment plant discharges. The risk assessment methodology consists of a comparison of measured and predicted concentrations of chemicals with toxicity reference values. Estimates of receiving water chemical concentrations were derived using data from a 10-year period so that the variable rainfall pattern was represented. Computer models were used to simulate and predict wet weather discharges during this ten year period. Risks were validated by bioassays and bioassessments. Risks to aquatic life from wet weather discharges were attributed to 14 chemicals at one or more of the sites and stormwater was the predominate source of the chemicals. There were no risks to people engaged in water based activities. Noncarcinogenic risks from fish ingestion are predicted at three sites. Predicted cancer risks for most individual chemicals were relatively small. Carcinogenic risks were typically associated with organochlorine compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dichlorobenzene, and arsenic. The predicted cancer risks also appear to be largely the result of stormwater rather than sewage overflow inputs and largely due to historical contamination by organochlorine pesticides. It is expected the concentrations of these chemicals will decrease over time.  相似文献   

浙江省海宁市TM图像土地利用自动分类精度评价方法的试验研究   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

朱光良  刘南 《遥感学报》1999,3(2):144-150

按照国家土管局土地利用现状分类标准,利用叠合的海宁市长安镇１∶１万同时期土地详查电子地图的全域地面实况数据,在遥感图像处理常规分类方法的范畴内,采取最大程度利于提高分类精度的措施,所得的分类精度上限为６５％。研究表明,通常在试验区的小块局部中选择训练样本和选择评价分类精度的参考像元,对精度评价有显著影响,参考像元质量和数量的限制很可能是这些年来一些同类研究报道了较高分类精度结果的主要原因  相似文献   

Bootstrapping: A Fast Way to Simulate QTz Curves     

A. Berckmans  M. Armstrong 《Mathematical Geology》1999,31(4):471-485

The aim of this paper is to present a fast method based on bootstrapping, for simulating recoverable reserves for input to financial Monte Carlo simulations. In mining, the three parameters defining recoverable reserves are the cutoff grade, z, the ore tonnage above cutoff, T, and the metal quantity above cutoff, Q. After introducing the concept of 3-dimensional QTz curves, the statistical technique called bootstrapping is reviewed and applied to a set of South African gold grades. As selective mining is carried out on blocks not points, these curves have to be calculated for blocks. The QTz curves obtained by bootstrapping are compared to those obtained by conditionally simulating the same deposit. The procedure has been extended to incorporate geologists' ideas of the likely size of the ore volume. Lastly, the recoverable reserves obtained by bootstrapping are compared with those obtained by traditional risk analysis (base case ± 10% or 20%).  相似文献   

Empirical Relationships for Debris Flows   总被引：40，自引：10，他引：30  

Rickenmann  Dieter 《Natural Hazards》1999,19(1):47-77

The assessment of the debris flow hazard potential has to rely on semi-quantitative methods. Due to the complexity of the debris-flow process, numerical simulation models of debris flows are still limited with regard to practical applications. Thus, an overview is given of empirical relationships that can be used to estimate the most important parameters of debris-flow behavior. In a possible procedure, an assessment of a maximum debris-flow volume may be followed by estimates of the peak discharge, the mean flow velocity, the total travel distance, and the runout distance on the fan. The applicability of several empirical equations is compared with available field and laboratory data, and scaling considerations are used to discuss the variability of the parameters over a large range of values. Some recommendations are made with regard to the application of the presented relationships by practicing engineers, apart from advocating field reconnaissance and searching for historic events wherever possible.  相似文献   

山东棉花产量旱灾损失评估模型   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

薛晓萍  赵红  陈延玲  李鸿怡 《气象》1999,25(1):25-29

采用统计方法,对棉花气象产量与气候因子进行统计分析,得到了各生育时段影响产量的主要降水因子和需水指标,从而根据当年的降水量对棉花产量因旱灾造成的损失程度进行评估,建立区域、省级棉花旱灾损失评估模型。  相似文献   

IPCC科学评估报告研究进展   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

赵宗慈 《应用气象学报》1999,10(Z1)

各国政府间气候变化专门委员会（ＩＰＣＣ）第一工作组（ＷＧ１）在１９９０年和１９９５年先后出版两次科学评估报告,并且在１９９２年还出版了对第一次报告的补充报告．现在,ＩＰＣＣ又准备在２００１年出版第三次科学评估报告．本文着重分析与介绍近１０年来ＩＰＣＣ科学评估报告的研究进展．  相似文献   

地震人员伤亡的动态评估   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

赵振东  郑向远  钟江荣 《地震工程与工程振动》1999,19(4):149-156

引入了初始人员伤亡矩阵的概念,并借助于几个概念分布函数确定了砖砌体系结构的初始人员伤亡矩阵,建立了地震人员伤亡动态量化以在方法,并以唐山地震为例使用该方法进行再评估,得到了一些应用结果。  相似文献   

公路桥梁地震易损性和震后恢复过程   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

孙振凯  邹其嘉 《华南地震》1999,19(2):62-70

采用专家调查的方式,统计的我国各种主要公路桥梁在不同烈度的地震发生后可能遭受的结构破坏和功能损失,以及地震发生后所需要的恢复时间。通过分析,给出了大、中、小种规模的斜拉、悬索、板梁式和拱式桥梁的结构破坏概率矩阵、设施损失率、功能损失率分布、损失功能恢复所需要的时间和桥梁在遭受破坏期间所损失的工作日数,并将研究结果与唐山地震之后的实际调查结果进行了对比,得到了一些有益的结果。  相似文献